Nurturing Character Strengths: Celebrate Brain Plasticity!

Nurturing Character Strengths: Celebrate Brain Plasticity!

By: Harumi Kimura & Ayaka Takahashi

One morning, Ayaka, a fourth-year English major, was talking emotionally to a classmate, just when I went into the classroom. It sounded like she was referring to some differences in attitudes and values among different university majors. “English majors are more outspoken and assertive in meetings and sessions. We’ve developed these attitudes in English discussion classes.” She added, “Students of other majors kept silent and shied away from meaningful discussions. We cannot learn anything from discussions unless each of us speaks up!” I thought she was upset. I was intrigued with her apparent uneasiness and wanted to hear more from her, but I had to start a class then, so I asked her to put it into writing and explain what made her think and feel as she did.

Before I share Ayaka’s essay with you, let me first write briefly about what researchers say about developing character strengths and values in our lifelong growth (Barrett, 2020; Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Character strengths are our positive points, such as creativity, honesty, and kindness, and positive psychology researchers have identified 24 of them, organized in six core virtues (Park & Peterson, 2009; Seligman, 2011). For example, creativity is grouped under wisdom, honesty in courage, and kindness in humanity. So diverse! (Or, you may say, quite limited!) Anyway, these qualities are just like traits, having a genetic basis to some extent, and they define who we are and how well we can work with others. Both researchers and practitioners encourage us to cultivate these trait-like characteristics to live a fulfilling life. We possess them, appreciate them, and frequently exercise them to feel fulfilled. The key is that we are able to nurture them to improve performance in life and increase psychological wellness, for ourselves and for others (Seligman, 2011). That’s what we call growth. Furthermore, neuroscientists (e.g., Barrett, 2020) reassure us that everything we experience today in our physical and social environment seeds us to become a somewhat new person: somebody different in some ways from who we were yesterday. Our brain rewrites itself and this is what brain plasticity is all about: we are agents in creating who we will become tomorrow.

An illustration of a young woman thinking different thoughts.

In her essay, Ayaka cites two occasions when she learned this in relation to her attitudes and values. She had found that (1) university education contributes to nurturing character strengths and (2) people have different approaches and values. Back then, Ayaka had passed a teacher recruitment exam and would start working as a junior high school English teacher the next academic year. One of her learning occasions was at a panel discussion where successful applicants at our school shared their experiences of preparing for the competitive exam. Third-year students participated in the meeting to learn from the experiences of the seniors, in order to get ready for their exam the next year.

Some panelists were English majors like me, she writes, and others were majoring in education, liberal arts, and Japanese literature, among others. Students aspiring to be P.E. teachers had strong opinions and expressed them confidently. I understood that while personality differences exist, other students from other departments generally stayed quiet unless they were asked to say something. They seemed to me to lack energy, emotional expressions, and frank behavior. My classmates are generally more proactive and assertive and many of us are not afraid of taking on challenges. This is partly because of our overseas experiences. We are more comfortable in expressing our opinions. In discussions, we are used to exchanging our views and perspectives. I felt that discussions with students in other departments were more subdued and formal than those we experience in the English department. We were taught it is important to exchange opinions. We often find ourselves wanting to ask, “What do YOU think?”

“Human brains make many different kinds of minds” (Barrett, 2020, p. 98). What students learn in university makes a difference since their brains tune and prune themselves according to what they experience. It is no wonder that the brains that learn in the same academic field share something in common. This is just like the way brains in a particular culture grow to share specific cultural values, although each brain in the same culture is distinguishable from all the others: Each brain is unique. Furthermore, in some cases, we are taught values intentionally, while at other times we learn by observing others unconsciously. In each department, students are explicitly taught some things while they learn some other things implicitly.

An illustration of a group of young people, each holding up an empty speech or thought bubble.

The other occasion she wrote about was a training session for preservice teachers organized by the local education board. Successful applicants in all the academic subjects, like Japanese language, social studies, science, and arts, took part in the session. It was a formal meeting, and most of them were meeting for the first time. The atmosphere was understandably formal and the participants seemed to be “feeling each other out,” i.e., subtly and indirectly assessing how the others behaved and what they said. 

In the meeting, I was not able to feel the bright and energetic atmosphere that I was used to in my daily life at school and at home. We talk frankly and in a friendly way. I was taken aback. “Aren’t we supposed to speak up and share our ideas and experiences to have a meaningful meeting?” I wondered. It looked like everyone was waiting and hoping somebody else would start first. The place seemed closed off. I felt I was almost shut out since I believe it is important to express ourselves to know each other. “Isn’t there anybody brave enough to get the ball rolling?” And then, I had second thoughts. In a relationship-based culture like Japan (Meyer, 2014), relationships build slowly. Participants are not willing to speak up unless they feel that they’ve built trust with each other to some extent. We’ve learned, in our department, “Speak to understand each other,” but many people here may well think, “Understand each other to speak.” My days as an English major will be over soon. In the outside world, people have distinct values and approaches. There is no right or wrong in getting things done. I shouldn’t be judgmental. I must be open to some other ways to be respectful. I need to watch and listen to others carefully and become flexible according to the situation. 

In her essay, Ayaka concluded that her university education has made her what she is now and appreciated being frank, open, and honest. By the way, open-mindedness and honesty are among the 25 strengths. She specifically referred to her study abroad experiences and discussion classes. Strength awareness and application is valuable to flourish (Seligman, 2011). She also developed the insight that we tend to view others through our own lens and judge them accordingly. Putting ourselves in someone else’s shoes is not easy, but she realized it is critical that she stops and thinks first to produce positive outcomes in the face of discomfort. This way of thinking is linked to social-intelligence, fairness, and prudence, all of which are also among the 24! In addition, I feel that she has zest, another strength, approaching life with enthusiasm and vigor. She is likely trying to be the best version of herself, without just copying others or just doing things her own way without examining different perspectives or exploring alternatives.

I, as a teacher, was happy to know that she was navigating wisely through different cultural values. I know, as a neuroscientific fact, that our brains never stop learning throughout our lives and that our social world shapes our brain configuration to a large extent (Barrett, 2020). However, sometimes I wonder if what we do every day at work makes any difference in our students’ lives and I become skeptical about teaching at a tertiary educational institution. Ayaka’s essay encouraged me to keep doing what I’ve been doing, believing that we are not just teaching languages, but also preparing students for navigating cognitively challenging situations. They will surely handle emotional upheavals and grow through these experiences. The character strengths Ayaka has harnessed in her university days will help her in her personal development, career, and relationships. 

It is often the case that we teachers learn from our students, not the other way round. And these learning opportunities usually come to us suddenly out of nowhere. Ayaka, for example, taught me that brain plasticity is a real thing!

References

  • Barrett, L. F. (2020). Seven and a half lessons about the brain. Picador. 

  • Meyer, E. (2014). The culture map: Decoding how people think, lead, and get things done across cultures. Public Affairs.

  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1042   

  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues. Oxford University Press.

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Free Press.

Harumi Kimura is a professor at Miyagi Gakuin Women’s University. She studied L2 listening anxiety in her doctoral study, and her academic interests include second language acquisition and cooperative learning. She thinks that her mission is “to make learning another language less intimidating and a bit more rewarding plus fun.”

Ayaka Takahashi studied American culture at Miyagi Gakuin Women’s University. Currently, she teaches English at a public junior high school in Sendai, Japan.

 

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