Looking at Ways Distress Can Influence Language Learners

April 2024

Bullying, threats, and trauma: these are the three main facets of distress that we explore in this month’s issue. Sometimes the students in our classrooms can be carrying heavy burdens that can make learning especially challenging. Together, let’s look at what neuroscience has to teach us about distress.

Nevertheless, in this sea of human wretchedness and malice there bloomed at times compassion, as a pale flower blooms in a putrid marsh. – Henryk Sienkiewicz 

APA reference for this issue

(author). (2024). (article title, sentence case). MindBrainEd Think Tanks: Looking at ways distress can influence language learners, 10(4), (pages).

Watch before you read...

This Think Tank looks at how negative experiences impact learners and what teachers can do to support them in these situations. In the Main video, Lisa Feldman Barrett explains the role prediction plays in trauma and suggests changing the brain’s predictions to overcome it. In the More video, Nick Mann defines eustress and distress and encourages teachers to leverage eustress for themselves and their students. Heather Kretschmer introduces this issue by sharing an impactful story.

In the Think Tank, Julia Daley recounts a powerful story about bullying and explains the science behind bullying and our reactions to it. Next, Christopher Regier explains how the brain processes threats and how teachers can support students who find communicating in a foreign language threatening. Finally, Judith B. O’Laughlin describes the effect trauma has on learners and gives teachers advice on creating a trauma-sensitive environment in the classroom.

In the Plus section, we shine the spotlight on a Think Tank editor.

Our Thoughts on Distress

Navigating Student Distress Heather Kretschmer

It was a typical group presentation. The students came prepared with their talking points, notecards, and a flash drive with their PowerPoint. They got off to a good start, expressing their ideas fluently and in an easily understandable manner. All was proceeding smoothly.

But then, one group member faltered and seemed to lose her train of thought. We waited while she visibly gathered her thoughts and resumed speaking. Everyone breathed a silent sigh of relief.

Think Tank Articles

Buses, Bullies, and Bystanders Julia Daley

I’ve been bullied my entire life, and that’s no hyperbole—there’s some old VHS recordings of myself as a three-year-old crying at the way other children were treating me. As a weird, strange kid, I made the perfect target for all sorts of bullies; as an eccentric adult, I’ve experienced bullying less often, but it nevertheless still happens on occasion.

Of course, I’m a writing teacher and, instead of telling you all about my myriad experiences of bullying, I’m going to show you just one. This story isn’t the worst example of bullying I’ve faced—in fact, it’s pretty unremarkable in most regards—but it’s the only one that, to this day, makes me emotional to recount. While you read my story, pay attention to the three roles that characters must fulfill in any tale of bullying: bully, victim, and bystander.

Danger! I’ve Been Asked to Talk in English Christopher Regier

Look away from your screen. What do you see? Now check in with yourself. How are you feeling? Neutral? Good! Now listen attentively to the sounds in your immediate surroundings. Feeling neutral once again? Good! Through your senses (with the exception of smell), everything is initially interpreted by a part of your brain called the thalamus, then sent to the amygdala. Just a moment ago your amygdala determined that the sights and sounds were non-threatening, which it then signaled to the hypothalamus to keep the nervous system at rest. At this point, approximately 500 milliseconds has passed ( Rossi, 2018). This physiological state not only allows for the process of digestion to continue, but also for a broad range of higher-order cognitive processes like memory function and problem-solving to occur as efficiently as possible.

Supporting Immigrant Students with Trauma Backgrounds Judith B. O'Loughlin

Many English learners come to schools having faced traumatic experiences that affect their ability to be academically, socially, and emotionally successful. Trauma is the result of a stressor, a stimulus that impacts student learning, one time or chronically. The type of trauma can be physical, emotional, or both. Acute trauma happens one time or is a short-lived event. Chronic trauma is caused by a situation or series of situations that occur over a long period of time and can have long-term emotional and physical effects on the learner. It is this type of trauma that is experienced by many immigrant and refugee children and their families.

A few types of typical trauma experiences for immigrant and refugee children include: trauma experienced in the home country, which is often the reason for emigrating; war and/or political unrest; extreme poverty; and drug and gang violence…

Think Tank Plus

The Think Tank Tower Tour: Heather Think Tank Team

Editors’ note: We thought this would be a good time to tell you who we are. Not counting our inner stable contributors, this magazine has a staff of seven, living all over the world, who gather at Think Tank Towers in Waikiki every month to produce this magazine. The MindBrainEd Think Tanks are not funded, nor are the contributors or editors paid, so they produce this magazine out of love for language teachers and students.

Call for Contributions: Ideas and Articles Think Tank Staff

Become a Think Tank star! Here are some of the future issue topics we are thinking about. Would you, or anyone you know, like to write about any of these? Or is there another topic you’d like to recommend? Do you have any suggestions for lead-in, or just plain interesting, videos? How about writing a book review? Or sending us a story about your experiences? Contact us.

The MindBrained Think Tanks+

is produced by the Japan Association for Language Teaching (JALT) Mind, Brain, and Education Special Interest Group (BRAIN SIG). Kyoto, Japan. (ISSN 2434-1002)

Editorial Staff

Stephen M. Ryan      Curtis H. Kelly      Julia Daley       Afon (Mohammad) Khari

Heather Kretschmer       Matt Ehlers        Marc Helgesen         Nicky De Proost

 

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